The outbreak of Lassa fever in Nigeria has taken a serious turn, with the death toll climbing to 172 as of 2025. Health authorities have confirmed 924 cases of the disease from a total of 8,041 suspected infections recorded between January and October 2025.
Experts attribute the rapid spread of the disease to poor sanitation conditions, low public awareness, and delayed access to medical treatment in many parts of the country. The current case fatality rate stands at 18.6%, which marks an increase compared to the 17% fatality rate recorded during the same period in 2024.
According to reports, young adults between the ages of 21 and 30 have been the most affected demographic group.
Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic illness caused by the Lassa virus, which is endemic to several countries in West Africa, including Nigeria. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with food or household items contaminated by the urine or feces of infected rodents, particularly the Mastomys rat species.
Human-to-human transmission can also occur through direct contact with the blood, urine, feces, or other bodily fluids of an infected person, especially in healthcare settings without proper infection control measures.
The symptoms of Lassa fever can vary widely. In mild cases, patients experience fever, headache, sore throat, muscle pain, and general weakness. However, in severe cases, the illness can progress to bleeding, organ failure, and even death.
Health experts are urging for stronger public health interventions, improved sanitation practices, and early detection and treatment to curb the growing impact of Lassa fever in Nigeria.
